n Chemistry Terminology I
n Inner Orbital Complex
n Valence bond designation for a complex in which the metal ion utilizes d orbitals for one shell inside the outermost occupied shell in its hybridization.
n Isomers
n Different substances that have the same formula.
n Ionization Isomers
n Isomers that result from the interchange of ions inside and outside the coordination sphere.
n Inert s-pair Effect
n Characteristic of the post-transition minerals; tendency of the outermost s electrons to remain nonionized or un shared in compounds.
n Insoluble Compound
n A very slightly soluble compound.
n Indicators
n For acid-base titrations， organic compounds that exhibit different colors in solutions of different acidities; used to determine the point at which reaction between two solutes is complete.
n Ionization Constant
n Equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak electrolyte.
n Ion Product for Water
n Equilibrium constant for the ionization of water， Kw = [H3O+][OH-] =1.00 x 10-14 at 25 °C.
n Inhibitory Catalyst
n An inhibitor， a catalyst that decreases the rate of reaction.
n For more information see Catalysis
n Integrated Rate Equation
n An equation giving the concentration of a reactant remaining after a specified time; has different mathematical form for different orders of reactants.
n Ioniztion
n The breaking up of a compound into separate ions.
n Ideal Solution
n A solution that obeys Raoult"s Law exactly.
n Insulator
n Poor electric and heat conductor.
n Intermolecular Forces
n Forces between individual particles (atoms， molecules， ions) of a substance.
n Isomorphous
n Refers to crystals having the same atomic arrangement.
n For more information see Crystallograph
n Ideal Gas
n A hypothetical gas that obeys exactly all postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory.
n Ideal Gas Law
n The product of pressure and the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas and the absolute temperature.
n Ionization
n In aqueous solution， the process in which a molecular compound reacts with water and forms ions.
n Ionic Bonding
n Chemical bonding resulting from the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or a group of atoms to another.
n Ionic Compunds
n Compounds containing predominantly ionic bonding.
n Ionic Geometry
n The arrangement of atoms (not lone pairs of electrons) about the central atom of a polyatomic ion.
n Isoelectric
n Having the same electronic configurations
n Ionization Energy
n The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron of an isolated gaseous atom or ion.
n Isotopes
n Two or more forms of atoms of the same element with different masses; atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
n Ion
n An atom or a group of atoms that carries an electric charge.
n Chemistry Terminology J
n Joule
n A unit of energy in the SI system. One joule is 1 kg. m2/s2 which is also 0.2390 calorie.
n Chemistry Terminology K
n K Capture
n Absorption of a K shell (n=1) electron by a proton as it is converted to a neutron.
n Ketone
n Compound in which a carbonyl group is bound to two alkyl or two aryl groups， or to one alkyl and one aryl group.
n Kinetic Energy
n Energy that matter processes by virtue of its motion.
n Kinetic-molecular Theory
n A theory， that attempts to explain macroscopic observations on gases in microscopic observations on gases in microscopic observations on gases in microscopic or molecular terms.
n Chemistry Terminology L
n Lanthanides
n Elements 58 to 71 (after lanthanum)
n Lanthanide Contraction
n A decrease in the radii of the elements following the lanthanides compared to what would be expected if there were no f-transition metals.
n Law of Combining Volumes (Gay-Lussac"s Law)
n At constant temperature and pressure， the volumes of reacting gases ( and any gaseous products) can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers;
n Law of Conservation of Energy
n Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be changed from one form to another.
n Law of Conservation of Matter
n There is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction.
n Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
n The total amount of matter and energy available in the universe is fixed.
n Law of Definite Proportions (Law of Constant Composition)
n Different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass.
n Law of Partial Pressures (Dalton"s Law)
n The total pressure exerted by a mixature of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
n Lead Storage Battery
n Secondary voltaic cell used in most automobiles.
n Leclanche Cell
n A common type of dry cell.
n Le Chatelier"s Principle
n States that a system at equilibrium， or striving to attain equilibrium， responds in such a way as to counteract any stress placed upon it.
n If a stress (change of conditions) is applied to a system at equilibrium， the system shifts in the direction that reduces stress.
n Leveling Effect
n Effect by which all acids stronger than the acid that is characteristic of the solvent react with solvent to produce that acid; similar statement applies to bases. The strongest acid (base) that can exist in a given solvent is the acid (base) characteristic of the solvent.
n Levorotatory
n Refers to an optically active substance that rotates the plane of plane polarized light counterclockwise; also called levo.
n Lewis Acid
n Any species that can accept a share in an electron pair.
n Lewis Base
n Any species that can make available a share in an electron pair.
n Lewis Dot Formula (Electron Dot Formula)
n Representation of a molecule， ion or formula unit by showing atomic symbols and only outer shell electrons
n Ligand
n A Lewis base in a coordination compound.
n Limiting Reactant
n Substance that stoichiometrically limits the amount of product(s) that can be formed.
n Linear Accelerator
n A device used for accelerating charged particles along a straight line path.
n Line Spectrum
n An atomic emission or absorption spectrum.
n Linkage Isomers
n Isomers in which a particular ligand bonds to a metal ion through different donor atoms.
n Liquid Aerosol
n Colloidal suspension of liquid in gas.
n London Forces
n Very weak and very short-range attractive forces between short-lived temporary (induced) dipoles; also called dispersion Forces.
n Lone Pair
n Pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms; unshared pair.
n Low Spin Complex
n Crystal field designation for an inner orbital complex; contains electrons paired t2g orbitals before eg orbitals are occupied in octahedral complexes.
