实验室常用技术参数资料(三)- 点击: 作者: 来源: 日期:2008-04-24 本站论坛
六、常用凝胶的技术参数
1.葡聚糖凝胶的某些技术数据
| 种类 |
干颗粒直径(μ) |
分子量分级范围 |
床体积毫升/克干分子筛 |
得水值 |
溶胀最少平衡时间(h) |
柱头压力(kPa)(2.5cm直径柱) |
| 肽及球形蛋白质 |
葡聚糖(线性分子) |
室温 |
沸水浴 |
| Sephadex G-10 |
40~ 120 |
~700 |
~700 |
2~ 3 |
1.0±0.1 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Sephadex G-10 |
40~ 120 |
~1500 |
1500 |
2.5~3.5 |
1.5±3.5 |
3 |
1 |
|
| Sephadex G-25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
粗级 |
100~300
(≈5~100目) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
中级 |
50~150
(≈100~200目) |
1,000~5,000 |
100~5,000 |
4~6 |
1.5±0.2 |
6 |
2 |
|
|
细级 |
20~800(≈200~400目) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
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|
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|
|
| Sephadex G-50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
粗级 |
100~200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
中级 |
50~150 |
1,500~ |
500~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
细级 |
20~80 |
30,000 |
10,000 |
9~11 |
5.0±0.3 |
6 |
2 |
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sephadex G-75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
40~120 |
3,000~ |
1,000~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
70,000 |
950,000 |
12~15 |
7.5±0.5 |
24 |
3 |
3.92~15.86 |
| Sephadex G-100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
40~120 |
4,000~ |
1,000~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
1,500,000 |
150,000 |
15~20 |
10.0±1.0 |
48 |
5 |
2.35~9.41 |
| Sephadex G-150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
40~120 |
5,000~ |
1,000~ |
20~30 |
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
400,000 |
150,000 |
18~22 |
15.0±1.5 |
72 |
5 |
0.88~3.53 |
| Sephadex G-200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
40~120 |
5000~ |
1000~ |
30~40 |
|
|
|
|
| |
10~40 |
800,000 |
200,000 |
20~25 |
20.0±2.0 |
72 |
5 |
0.39~1.57 |
2.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的技术数据
|
型号 |
排阻的下限
(分子量) |
分级分离范围
(分子量) |
膨胀后的床体积(ml/g干凝胶) |
膨胀所需最少时间(室温,h) |
| Bio-gel-P-2 |
1,600 |
200~2,000 |
3.8 |
2~4 |
| Bio-gel-P-4 |
3,600 |
500~4,000 |
5.8 |
2~4 |
| Bio-gel-P-6 |
4,600 |
1,000~5,000 |
8.8 |
2~4 |
| Bio-gel-P-10 |
10,000 |
5,000~17,000 |
12.4 |
2~4 |
| Bio-gel-P-30 |
30,000 |
20,000~50,000 |
14.9 |
10~12 |
| Bio-gel-P-60 |
60,000 |
30,000~70,000 |
19.0 |
10~12 |
| Bio-gel-P-100 |
100,000 |
40,000~100,000 |
19.0 |
24 |
| Bio-gel-P-150 |
150,000 |
50,000~150,000 |
24.0 |
24 |
| Bio-gel-P-200 |
200,000 |
80,000~200,000 |
34.0 |
48 |
| Bio-gel-P-300 |
300,000 |
100~400,000 |
40.0 |
48 |
3.琼脂糖凝胶的技术数据
|
型号 |
琼脂糖含量
%(W/W) |
排阻的下限
(分子量) |
分级分离的范围(分子量) |
生产厂家 |
| Sepharose 4B |
4 |
|
0.3×106~3×106 |
Pharmacia |
| Sepharose 2B |
2 |
|
2×106~25×106 |
| Sagavac 10 |
10 |
2.5×105 |
1×104~2.5×105 |
Seravac |
| Sagavac 8 |
8 |
7×105 |
2.5×104~7×105 |
| Sagavac 6 |
6 |
2×106 |
5×104~2×106 |
| Sagavac 4 |
4 |
15×106 |
2×105~15×106 |
| Sagavac 2 |
2 |
150×106 |
5×105~15×107 |
| Bio-gel A-0.5M |
10 |
0.5×106 |
%26lt;1×104~0.5×106 |
Bio-Rad |
| Bio-gel A-1.5M |
8 |
1.5×106 |
%26lt;1×104~1.5×106 |
| Bio-gel A-5M |
6 |
5×106 |
1×104~5×106 |
| Bio-gel A-15M |
4 |
15×106 |
4×104~15×106 |
| Bio-gel A-50M |
2 |
50×106 |
1×105~50×106 |
| Bio-gel A-150M |
1 |
150×106 |
1×106~150×106 |
4.各处凝胶所答应的最大操作压
|
凝胶 |
最大静水压(kPa) |
|
Sephadex |
|
|
G-10 |
9.8 |
|
G-15 |
9.8 |
|
G-25 |
9.8 |
|
G-50 |
9.8 |
|
G-75 |
4.9 |
5.琼脂糖凝胶浓度与线性DNA分辨范围
|
凝胶浓度(%) |
线性DNA长度(bp) |
|
0.5 |
1000~30000 |
|
0.7 |
800~12000 |
|
1.0 |
500~10000 |
|
1.2 |
400~7000 |
|
1.5 |
200~3000 |
|
2.0 |
50~2000 |
6.染料在变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的迁移速度
|
凝胶浓度(%) |
溴酚蓝 |
二甲苯青FF |
|
5.0 |
35bp |
140bp |
|
6.0 |
26bp |
106bp |
|
8.0 |
19bp |
75bp |
|
10.0 |
12bp |
55bp |
|
20.0 |
8bp |
28bp |
7.染料在非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的迁移速度
|
凝胶浓度(%) |
溴酚蓝 |
二甲苯青FF |
|
3.5 |
100bp |
460bp |
|
5.0 |
65bp |
260bp |
|
8.0 |
45bp |
160bp |
|
12.0 |
20bp |
70bp |
|
15.0 |
15bp |
50bp |
|
20.0 |
12bp |
45bp |
七、氨基酸的特性
| 氨基酸名称 |
三字母缩写 |
单字母缩写 |
质量 |
侧链电离的pHa值 |
结构式
|
| 丙氨酸(alanine) |
Ala |
A |
89.09 |
|
|
| 精氨酸(arginine) |
Arg |
R |
174.2 |
12.48 |
|
| 天冬酰氨(asparagine) |
Asn |
N |
132.1 |
|
|
| 天冬氨酸(aspartic acid) |
Asp |
D |
133.1 |
3.86 |
|
| 半胱氨酸(systeine) |
Cys |
C |
121.12 |
|
|
| 谷氨酰胺(glutamine) |
Gln |
Q |
146.15 |
|
|
| 谷氨酸(glutamic acid) |
Glu |
E |
147.13 |
4.25 |
|
| 甘氨酸(glycine) |
Gly |
G |
75.07 |
|
|
| 组氨酸(histidine) |
His |
H |
155.16 |
6.0 |
|
| 异亮氨酸(isoleucine) |
lle |
I |
131.17 |
|
|
| 亮氨酸(leucine) |
Leu |
L |
131.17 |
|
|
| 赖氨酸(lycine) |
Lys |
K |
146.19 |
|
|
| 甲硫氨酸(methionine) |
Met |
M |
149.21 |
|
|
| 苯丙氨酸(phenylanaline) |
Phe |
P |
165.19 |
|
|
| 脯氨酸(proline) |
Pro |
P |
115.13 |
|
|
| 丝氨酸(serine) |
Ser |
S |
105.06 |
|
|
| 苏氨酸(threonine) |
Thr |
T |
119.12 |
|
|
| 色氨酸(tryptophan) |
Trp |
W |
204.22 |
|
|
| 酪氨酸(tyrosine) |
Tyr |
Y |
181.19 |
10.07 |
|
| 缬氨酸(valine) |
Val |
P |
117.15 |
|
|
八、遗传密码
密码子的第二位
| 密码子的第一位(5’端) |
|
U |
C |
A |
G |
|
密码子的第三位(3端’) |
| U |
UUU |
Phe |
UCU |
Ser |
UAU |
Tyr |
UGU |
Gys |
U |
| UUC |
Phe |
UCC |
Ser |
UAC |
Tyr |
UGG |
Gys |
C |
| UUA |
Leu |
UCA |
Ser |
UAA |
终止(赭石) |
UGA |
终止(乳白) |
A |
| UUG |
Leu |
UGG |
Ser |
UAG |
终止(琥珀) |
UGG |
Trp |
G |
| C |
CUU |
Leu |
CCU |
Pro |
CAU |
His |
CGA |
Arg |
U |
| CUC |
Leu |
CCC |
Pro |
CAC |
His |
CGC |
Arg |
C |
| CUA |
Leu |
CCA |
Pro |
CAA |
Gln |
CGA |
Arg |
A |
| CUG |
Leu |
CCG |
Pro |
CAG |
Gln |
CGC |
Arg |
G |
| A |
AUU |
Ile |
ACU |
Thr |
AAU |
Asn |
AGU |
Ser |
U |
| AUC |
Ile |
ACC |
Thr |
AAC |
Asn |
AGC |
Ser |
C |
| AUA |
Ile |
ACA |
Thr |
AAA |
Lys |
AGA |
Arg |
A |
| AUG |
Met |
ACG |
Thr |
AAG |
Lys |
AGC |
Arg |
G |
| G |
GUU |
Val |
GCU |
Ala |
GAU |
Asp |
GGU |
Gly |
U |
| GUC |
Val |
GCC |
Ala |
GAC |
Asp |
GGC |
Gly |
C |
| GUA |
Val |
GCA |
Ala |
GAA |
Glu |
GGA |
Gly |
A |
| GUG |
Val |
GCG |
Ala |
GAG |
Glu |
GGG |
Gly |
G |
九、常用酸碱技术参数
1.常见的市售酸碱的浓度
| 溶质 |
分子式 |
分子量 |
mol/L |
g/L |
重量(%) |
比重 |
配制mol/L溶液的加入量(ml/L) |
| 冰乙酸 |
CH3COOH |
60.05 |
17.40 |
1045 |
99.5 |
1.050 |
57.5 |
| 乙酸 |
|
60.05 |
6.27 |
376 |
36 |
1.045 |
159.5 |
| 甲酸 |
HCOOH |
46.02 |
23.40 |
1080 |
90 |
1.200 |
42.7 |
| 盐酸 |
HCl |
36.50 |
11.60 |
424 |
36 |
1.180 |
86.2 |
| |
|
|
2.90 |
105 |
10 |
1.050 |
344.8 |
| 硝酸 |
HNO3 |
63.02 |
15.99 |
1008 |
71 |
1.420 |
62.5 |
| |
|
|
14.90 |
938 |
67 |
1.400 |
67.1 |
| |
|
|
13.30 |
837 |
61 |
1.370 |
75.2 |
| 高氯酸 |
HclO3 |
100.50 |
11.65 |
1172 |
70 |
1.670 |
85.8 |
| |
|
|
9.20 |
923 |
60 |
1.540 |
108.7 |
| 磷酸 |
H2PO4 |
80.00 |
18.10 |
1445 |
85 |
1.700 |
55.2 |
| 硫酸 |
H2P`O4 |
98.10 |
18.00 |
1776 |
96 |
1.840 |
55.6 |
| 氢氧化铵 |
NH4OH |
35.00 |
14.80 |
251 |
28 |
0.898 |
67.6 |
| 氢氧化钾 |
KOH |
56.10 |
13.50 |
757 |
50 |
1.520 |
74.1 |
| |
|
|
1.94 |
109 |
10 |
1.090 |
515.5 |
| 氢氧化钠 |
NaOH |
40.00 |
19.10 |
763 |
50 |
1.530 |
52.4 |
| |
|
|
2.75 |
111 |
10 |
1.110 |
363.4 |
2.各种浓度的酸碱贮存液的近似pH值
| 溶质 |
1Na |
0.1Na |
0.01Na |
0.001Na |
| 乙酸 |
0.40 |
2.90 |
3.40 |
3.90 |
| 盐酸 |
0.10 |
1.07 |
2.02 |
3.01 |
| 硫酸 |
0.30 |
1.20 |
2.10 |
|
| 柠檬酸 |
|
2.10 |
2.60 |
|
| 氢氧化铵 |
11.80 |
11.30 |
10.80 |
10.30 |
| 氢氧化钠 |
14.05 |
13.07 |
12.12 |
11.13 |
| 碳酸氢钠 |
|
8.40 |
|
|
| 碳酸钠 |
|
11.50 |
11.00 |
|
J a.N为光量浓度[1N≈(1mol/L)×离子价数]。
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