约翰霍普金斯的研究小组利用遗传工程,抑制端粒酶活性,使染色体末端的端粒变短,小鼠避免了血癌命运。这项研究结果发表于本月的Cancer Cell中。
研究作者Carol Greider博士表示,通常当端粒变得够短时,细胞采用自杀机制以保护自己。细胞自杀是细胞衰老(senescence)之外,另一种可选择的命运。每次细胞分裂时端粒都会缩短,变到足够短会促使细胞自杀。这种细胞死亡过程是自然的,出错会导致无法控制的细胞生长。端粒酶能够维持端粒的长度。
研究小组首先使端粒酶无功能的小鼠与携带会导致Burkitt淋巴癌基因突变的小鼠交配。第一代小鼠没有端粒酶但端粒很长,在7月龄左右都出现淋巴瘤。研究人员使第一代小鼠继续交配,观察这些小鼠后代的发病情况。结果第五代小鼠的端粒很短,不会发展出淋巴瘤。
抑制第五代小鼠的细胞自杀过程后,研究人员惊奇地发现这些小鼠仍旧未发生癌症。进一步研究发现,小鼠淋巴结内的微型肿瘤曾经有癌变倾向,但最终停止了,并进入衰老状态。
这些细胞并未死亡,没有分裂,只是永久静止,研究人员表示,进一步研究衰老途径,可藉由干扰端粒和细胞自杀机制,提供治疗肿瘤的新方法。
(编译/姜欣慧) (资料来源 : Bio.com)
原始出处:
Cancer Cell, Vol 11, 461-469, 08 May 2007
Article
Short Telomeres Limit Tumor Progression In Vivo by Inducing Senescence
David M. Feldser1,2 and Carol W. Greider1,2,
1 Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Corresponding author Carol W. Greider cgreider@jhmi.edu
Summary
Telomere maintenance is critical for cancer progression. To examine mechanisms of tumor suppression induced by short telomeres, we crossed mice deficient for the RNA component of telomerase, mTR−/−, with Eμ-myc transgenic mice, an established model of Burkitt's lymphoma. Short telomeres suppressed tumor formation in Eμ-myc transgenic animals. Expression of Bcl2 blocked apoptosis in tumor cells, but surprisingly, mice with short telomeres were still resistant to tumor formation. Staining for markers of cellular senescence showed that pretumor cells induced senescence in response to short telomeres. Loss of p53 abrogated the short telomere response. This study provides in vivo evidence for the existence of a p53-mediated senescence mechanism in response to short telomeres that suppresses tumorigenesis.
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