来自美国Gladstone心血管病研究所(Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease),加州大学旧金山分校生物化学与生物物理学系,小儿科(心脏病学)系,贝勒医学院,德州农工大学卫生科学中心(Texas A & M Health Science Center)等处的研究人员提出miRNA生物生成对于小鼠心脏发生而言是必需的,而且在对肌肉特异性miRNA:miR-1-2的研究中,他们发现miR-1-2参与扮演的角色众多,并且这一研究也证明了哺乳动物缺失模型在生理miRNA靶标研究方面的有效性。这一研究成果公布在
Cell 封面上。

miRNAs是一种21-25nt长的单链小分子RNA,对于它的研究起始于时序调控小RNA(stRNAs),由于miRNAs在物种进化中相当保守,在植物、动物和真菌中发现的miRNAs只在特定的组织和发育阶段表达,而且这种特异性和时序性,决定了组织和细胞的功能特异性,表明miRNA在细胞生长和发育过程的调节过程中起多种作用,因此miRNA的研究受到了生物学家的广泛关注。
但是经过了前期的研究,有关哺乳动物体内特异性miRNAs靶向删除必要性仍然知之甚少,并对于mRNA靶标的可靠预测依然存在问题,在这篇文章中,研究人员提出miRNA生物生成对于小鼠心脏发生而言是必需的,而且在对肌肉特异性miRNA:miR-1-2的研究中,他们发现miR-1-2参与扮演的角色众多,包括心肌形态形成(cardiac morphogenesis),电传导,细胞周期调控。
进一步对miR-1互补序列进行分析,发现了一个miR-1匹配点(seed matches)富集区,以及miR-1潜在结合位点定位在物理性可接触区域的一种倾向。这些发现说明miRNA数量的精细差别在哺乳动物中有重要的影响,并且哺乳动物缺失模型在生理miRNA靶标研究方面的有效性。
在之前的一篇文章(
研究microRNA的功能,也可以采取相同的策略)中就提到,德州大学西南医学院的研究人员利用敲除研究方法通过敲除脊椎动物个别microRNA,研究microRNA对小鼠心脏畸形的影响,也证明了这种策略的有效性。
原始出处:
Cell, Vol , Issue ,
Article
Dysregulation of Cardiogenesis, Cardiac Conduction, and Cell Cycle in Mice Lacking miRNA-1-2
Yong Zhao,1,2,3,8 Joshua F. Ransom,1,2,3,8 Ankang Li,6,7 Vasanth Vedantham,1,4 Morgan von Drehle,1 Alecia N. Muth,1 Takatoshi Tsuchihashi,1,2,3 Michael T. McManus,5 Robert J. Schwartz,6 and Deepak Srivastava1,2,3,
1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
2 Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
4 Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
5 Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
6 Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
7 Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Corresponding author
Deepak Srivastava
dsrivastava@gladstone.ucsf.edu
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are genomically encoded small RNAs used by organisms to regulate the expression of proteins generated from messenger RNA transcripts. The in vivo requirement of specific miRNAs in mammals through targeted deletion remains unknown, and reliable prediction of mRNA targets is still problematic. Here, we show that miRNA biogenesis in the mouse heart is essential for cardiogenesis. Further
more, targeted deletion of the muscle-specific miRNA, miR-1-2, revealed numerous functions in the heart, including regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, electrical conduction, and cell-cycle control. Analyses of miR-1 complementary sequences in mRNAs upregulated upon miR-1-2 deletion revealed an enrichment of miR-1 “seed matches” and a strong tendency for potential miR-1 binding sites to be located in physically accessible regions. These findings indicate that subtle alteration of miRNA dosage can have profound consequences in mammals and demonstrate the utility of mammalian loss-of-function models in revealing physiologic miRNA targets.
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