A Clathrate Reservoir Hypothesis for Enceladus' South Polar Plume
Susan W. Kieffer, Xinli Lu, Craig M. Bethke, John R. Spencer, Stephen Marshak, and Alexandra Navrotsky
Science 15 December 2006: 1764-1766.
Convecting gas and dissociation of ice clathrate in Saturn's moon Enceladus can explain the water vapor plume emanating from the south pole, which contains methane and other gases.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
The mtDNA Legacy of the Levantine Early Upper Palaeolithic in Africa
Anna Olivieri, Alessandro Achilli, Maria Pala, Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery, Rosaria Scozzari, Fulvio Cruciani, Doron M. Behar, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Clotilde Coudray, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Ornella Semino, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, and Antonio Torroni
Science 15 December 2006: 1767-1770.
Back-migrations of ancient Asian populations through the Levant contributed to the peopling of northern and eastern Africa.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Nannoplankton Extinction and Origination Across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Samantha J. Gibbs, Paul R. Bown, Jocelyn A. Sessa, Timothy J. Bralower, and Paul A. Wilson
Science 15 December 2006: 1770-1773.
Rare plankton became extinct when atmospheric CO2 levels rose abruptly 50 million years ago, whereas those sensitive to ocean acidification caused by the rise survived.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Biomass, Size, and Trophic Status of Top Predators in the Pacific Ocean
John Sibert, John Hampton, Pierre Kleiber, and Mark Maunder
Science 15 December 2006: 1773-1776.
Synthesis of 54 years of fisheries data shows that stocks of Pacific tuna have declined by 9 to 64%, less than some estimates.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
A Secreted Serine-Threonine Kinase Determines Virulence in the Eukaryotic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii
S. Taylor, A. Barragan, C. Su, B. Fux, S. J. Fentress, K. Tang, W. L. Beatty, H. El Hajj, M. Jerome, M. S. Behnke, M. White, J. C. Wootton, and L. D. Sibley
Science 15 December 2006: 1776-1780.
Genetic mapping identifies the proteins that cause toxoplasmosis when injected by the parasite, one of which is a kinase that interferes with the host signaling pathways.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Polymorphic Secreted Kinases Are Key Virulence Factors in Toxoplasmosis
J. P. J. Saeij, J. P. Boyle, S. Coller, S. Taylor, L. D. Sibley, E. T. Brooke-Powell, J. W. Ajioka, and J. C. Boothroyd
Science 15 December 2006: 1780-1783.
Genetic mapping identifies the proteins that cause toxoplasmosis when injected by the parasite, one of which is a kinase that interferes with the host signaling pathways.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Nitrogen Fixation at 92°C by a Hydrothermal Vent Archaeon
Mausmi P. Mehta and John A. Baross
Science 15 December 2006: 1783-1786.
An ancient microorganism from a deep-sea vent can fix nitrogen at an unusually high temperature.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Greater Disruption Due to Failure of Inhibitory Control on an Ambiguous Distractor
Yoshiaki Tsushima, Yuka Sasaki, and Takeo Watanabe
Science 15 December 2006: 1786-1788.
Unexpectedly, observers trying to perform a visual task are bothered more by subthreshold, irrelevant stimuli than by stimuli they are aware of.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Maternal Oxytocin Triggers a Transient Inhibitory Switch in GABA Signaling in the Fetal Brain During Delivery
Roman Tyzio, Rosa Cossart, Ilgam Khalilov, Marat Minlebaev, Christian A. Hübner, Alfonso Represa, Yehezkel Ben-Ari, and Rustem Khazipov
Science 15 December 2006: 1788-1792.
A burst of maternal oxytocin activates an inhibitory system during labor, thus protecting the neonatal rat brain from injury resulting from oxygen deprivation.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
ATP Release Guides Neutrophil Chemotaxis via P2Y2 and A3 Receptors
Yu Chen, Ross Corriden, Yoshiaki Inoue, Linda Yip, Naoyuki Hashiguchi, Annelies Zinkernagel, Victor Nizet, Paul A. Insel, and Wolfgang G. Junger
Science 15 December 2006: 1792-1795.
Human leukocytes amplify a chemoattractant gradient by making their own gradient of other signaling molecules.
Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Technical Comments
Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley"
Simcha Lev-Yadun, Gidi Ne'eman, Shahal Abbo, and Moshe A. Flaishman
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