28 October 2005 Volume 310 Number 5748
海岸植被在2004年海啸中保护了村庄
一项新研究提出，在印度洋沿岸21公里长的红树林后面的村庄，比附近的没有海岸森林缓冲的村庄，在2004年印度洋海啸中受到的破坏程度要小。这篇“简报”的作者说，该地区不是海啸袭击最严重的地区，海岸植被在海啸最强的地方可能对破坏的保护作用不大。印度泰米尔纳德邦(Tamil Nadu)Cuddalore地区的这段海岸引起了研究人员的注意，因为估计高度为4.5米的海啸对该地区的袭击强度似乎是均一的。这个国际研究小组说，红树林是这个地区最重要的海岸植被，也是世界上最濒危的热带生态系统之一。保存或重新种植海岸红树林可能在未来的极端事件比如海啸或风暴中对社区起保护作用，但文章作者警告说，红树林只适合种植在海岸的泥滩和泻湖中，其它的地区保存海边沙丘或海岸森林也许能起到同样的保护作用。
简报：The Asian Tsunami: A Protective Role for Coastal Vegetation, Finn Danielsen, et al.
胃口和大脑的可塑性
两项对小鼠的研究提出，帮助调节胃口的大脑神经元回路比过去认为的有更大的可塑性。身体涉及感觉饿和饱的许多信号在下丘脑聚合，然后那里的神经元发出最终影响进食行为的信号。在一项研究中，研究人员报告说，成年鼠下丘脑中新神经元的产生也许与体重的调节联系在一起。一个叫CNTF的信号传递分子在小鼠身上诱导的体重消减，在处置停止后能持续几个星期到几个月。Maia Kokoeva和同事发现，给小鼠注射CNTF激发了成年鼠下丘脑中神经元的增殖。这些结果出人意料，因为大多数情况下，成年脑中的神经元不增殖。文章作者说，他们的研究提出了一个重新设置身体能量平衡“调定点”的方法。
另一项研究提出，大脑的进食神经元回路能容易地适应生命早期的变化。Serge Luquet和同事用一个新的基因技术在小鼠的不同发育阶段有选择地破坏一些细胞，他们发现，能在新出生的小鼠脑中除掉成年鼠调节食物摄取所必需的一组下丘脑神经元，而没有坏的影响，这也许是因为其它的补偿机制起了作用。这些发现为如下的概念提供了强有力的支持：既在新生的生命中，进食神经元回路与大脑的其它部位一样，有相当大的可塑性，这种可塑性在发育后期消失。
报告：Neurogenesis in the Hypothalamus of Adult Mice: Potential Role in Energy Balance, Maia V. Kokoeva, Huali Yin, and Jeffrey S. Flier
报告：NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates, Serge Luquet, Francisco A. Perez, Thomas S. Hnasko, and Richard D. Palmiter
前列腺癌的基因线索
研究人员发现了一个在大多数人类前列腺肿瘤中出现的基因重排，这个发现也许为该肿瘤的发生、诊断和治疗提供了新的线索。导致两个具体基因异常融合的复发性基因重排在白血病中常见，对这样一种重排的特性的分析是开发抗癌药物Gleevec 的起点。与液体肿瘤相比，像前列腺癌这样的固体肿瘤表现出多种多样的基因重排，涉及到许多不同的基因，人们过去认为这些重排的发生是随机的，不太可能在不同的肿瘤中重复。Scott A. Tomlins和同事发明了一种方法使他们得以整理归类前列腺癌的基因复杂性。他们发现大多数人类前列腺肿瘤表现出一个特有的染色体重排，使编码特定转录因子的基因与来自另一个基因的调节序列融合。这个融和的结果是，转录因子基因被雄激素异常调节，导致这个转录因子在前列腺肿瘤中的过渡表达。作者的这个方法也许能用来发现其它常见固体肿瘤（比如乳腺癌、结肠癌等）中类似的基因重排。
研究文章：Recurrent Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS Transcription Factor Genes in Prostate Cancer, Scott A. Tomlins, et al.
测定洋底壳形成的年代
印度洋的一个正在缓慢扩展的洋脊的年代测定显示，这个洋脊是在几百万年的时间内形成的，这比过去认为的要长的多。随着地壳从大洋中的脊部向两边移动，地壳中变冷的矿石保持该时刻地球磁场的方向。由此在海底形成的磁条图案可以用来估计洋底壳形成的时间。但是，地壳构造详细过程的准确放射性测定年代要更困难，因为这需要用锆石晶体中的铀，而多数洋底壳中只有极少的锆石。Joshua Jeremiah Schwartz和同事在以极慢的速度扩展的沿西南印度洋脊形成的洋底壳中发现并分离出了锆石。他们的结果显示，这个洋底壳每段中一个主要的地磁活动是在特征性磁标记之前开始的。
报告：Dating the Growth of Oceanic Crust at a Slow-Spreading Ridge, Joshua J. Schwartz, et al.
预测蛋白质折叠
从蛋白质的氨基酸序列来预测它的三维结构是计算生物学和计算化学长期面临的挑战。研究人员40多年前就知道蛋白质的结构完全是由其氨基酸序列决定的，但是用序列信息来做结构的预测极为困难。因为氨基酸链能扭曲和折叠的构象空间极大，而且计算蛋白质构象的自由能也很困难。但是Ora Scheuler-Furman 和同事在本期的一篇综述中说，生物分子高分辨率模拟上最近的进展正在将计算结构生物学带入一个新时期，使确定自然界存在的结构以及创造新的结构成为可能。文章作者就模拟改进的起源发表了他们的观点，并描述了体现这些进展的一些结果。
综述：Progress in Modeling of Protein Structures and Interactions, Ora Schueler-Furman, Chu Wang, Phil Bradley, Kira Misura, and David Baker
太赫频率的量子光学效应
研究人员描述了半导体量子阱结构中每秒几万亿周期(太赫频率 terahertz)的量子光学效应，这也许能带来光纤通讯的继续发展。所谓的量子效应是指没有经典对应的现象。光纤通讯的进展部分地靠施加每秒几万亿周期的振荡电场来调制材料的光学性质。目前的电光调制器通常只能在每秒千亿周期以下工作，Samuel Carter和同事说。
报告：Quantum Coherence in an Optical Modulator, S. G. Carter, et al.
Contents
RESEARCH
This Week in Science
Demystifying Prostate Cancer Genetics * Counting Statistics and Quantum Gases * Opto-Optical Modulation * Magmatic Activity Maintained * Ground Truth About Arctic Warming * Microscopy of Melting Metal * Inhibiting Bacterial Virulence and Cholera Susceptibility * Just the Right Size * The Tip of the Needle * Appetite and the Adaptive Brain * Bats Again * Sequence Sets Structure * Who Regulates the Regulators?
Science 28 October 2005: 585 [Full Text]
Editors' Choice: Highlights of the recent literature
ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: After the Catastrophe * VIROLOGY: Keeping Your Enemies Close * CELL BIOLOGY: Long-Lived Cells * APPLIED PHYSICS: Carrier Dynamics Under the Microscope * EARTH SCIENCE: Salt and Sustainability * NEUROSCIENCE: Adenosine and Sleep * CHEMISTRY: Oxidizing Organic Cyanides
Science 28 October 2005: 591 [Full Text]
Review Progress in Modeling of Protein Structures and Interactions
Ora Schueler-Furman, Chu Wang, Phil Bradley, Kira Misura, and David Baker
Science 28 October 2005: 638-642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Brevia The Asian Tsunami: A Protective Role for Coastal Vegetation
Finn Danielsen, Mikael K. Sørensen, Mette F. Olwig, Vaithilingam Selvam, Faizal Parish, Neil D. Burgess, Tetsuya Hiraishi, Vagarappa M. Karunagaran, Michael S. Rasmussen, Lars B. Hansen, Alfredo Quarto, and Nyoman Suryadiputra
Science 28 October 2005: 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Research Article Recurrent Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS Transcription Factor Genes in Prostate Cancer
Scott A. Tomlins, Daniel R. Rhodes, Sven Perner, Saravana M. Dhanasekaran, Rohit Mehra, Xiao-Wei Sun, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Xuhong Cao, Joelle Tchinda, Rainer Kuefer, Charles Lee, James E. Montie, Rajal B. Shah, Kenneth J. Pienta, Mark A. Rubin, and Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Science 28 October 2005: 644-648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Reports Hanbury Brown Twiss Effect for Ultracold Quantum Gases
M. Schellekens, R. Hoppeler, A. Perrin, J. Viana Gomes, D. Boiron, A. Aspect, and C. I. Westbrook
Science 28 October 2005: 648-651.
Published online 15 September 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1118024] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Quantum Coherence in an Optical Modulator
S. G. Carter, V. Birkedal, C. S. Wang, L. A. Coldren, A. V. Maslov, D. S. Citrin, and M. S. Sherwin
Science 28 October 2005: 651-653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Dating the Growth of Oceanic Crust at a Slow-Spreading Ridge
Joshua J. Schwartz, Barbara E. John, Michael J. Cheadle, Elena A. Miranda, Craig B. Grimes, Joseph L. Wooden, and Henry J. B. Dick
Science 28 October 2005: 654-657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Role of Land-Surface Changes in Arctic Summer Warming
F. S. Chapin, III, M. Sturm, M. C. Serreze, J. P. McFadden, J. R. Key, A. H. Lloyd, A. D. McGuire, T. S. Rupp, A. H. Lynch, J. P. Schimel, J. Beringer, W. L. Chapman, H. E. Epstein, E. S. Euskirchen, L. D. Hinzman, G. Jia, C.-L. Ping, K. D. Tape, C. D. C. Thompson, D. A. Walker, and J. M. Welker
Science 28 October 2005: 657-660.
Published online 22 September 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1117368] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Ordered Liquid Aluminum at the Interface with Sapphire
S. H. Oh, Y. Kauffmann, C. Scheu, W. D. Kaplan, and M. Rühle
Science 28 October 2005: 661-663.
Published online 6 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1118611] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Stem-Cell Homeostasis and Growth Dynamics Can Be Uncoupled in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apex
G. Venugopala Reddy and Elliot M. Meyerowitz
Science 28 October 2005: 663-667.
Published online 6 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116261] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Antagonistic Actions of Ecdysone and Insulins Determine Final Size in Drosophila
Julien Colombani, Laurence Bianchini, Sophie Layalle, Emilie Pondeville, Chantal Dauphin-Villemant, Christophe Antoniewski, Clément Carré, Stéphane Noselli, and Pierre Léopold
Science 28 October 2005: 667-670.
Published online 22 September 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1119432] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae Virulence and Intestinal Colonization
Deborah T. Hung, Elizabeth A. Shakhnovich, Emily Pierson, and John J. Mekalanos
Science 28 October 2005: 670-674.
Published online 13 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116739] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
The V-Antigen of Yersinia Forms a Distinct Structure at the Tip of Injectisome Needles
Catherine A. Mueller, Petr Broz, Shirley A. Müller, Philippe Ringler, Françoise Erne-Brand, Isabel Sorg, Marina Kuhn, Andreas Engel, and Guy R. Cornelis
Science 28 October 2005: 674-676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses
Wendong Li, Zhengli Shi, Meng Yu, Wuze Ren, Craig Smith, Jonathan H. Epstein, Hanzhong Wang, Gary Crameri, Zhihong Hu, Huajun Zhang, Jianhong Zhang, Jennifer McEachern, Hume Field, Peter Daszak, Bryan T. Eaton, Shuyi Zhang, and Lin-Fa Wang
Science 28 October 2005: 676-679.
Published online 29 September 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1118391] (in Science Express Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Neurogenesis in the Hypothalamus of Adult Mice: Potential Role in Energy Balance
Maia V. Kokoeva, Huali Yin, and Jeffrey S. Flier
Science 28 October 2005: 679-683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates
Serge Luquet, Francisco A. Perez, Thomas S. Hnasko, and Richard D. Palmiter
Science 28 October 2005: 683-685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
COMMENTARY
Editorial
Chess Game at the FDA
Donald Kennedy
Science 28 October 2005: 589. [Summary] [PDF]
Letters A Plea to Save the Voyager Mission Louis Friedman ; Revisiting the Grand Canyon John T. Longino ; Déjà Vu All Over Again for Nuclear Power? Eugene A. Rosa ; Issues Surrounding Nuclear Power John R. Coulter ; The Benefits of Solar Thermal Energy Reuel Shinnar ; A "Chick-a-dee" or a "Co-qui"? Scott F. Michael;, Christopher N. Templeton, and Erick Greene ; Regulating Commercial Cloning of Animals Duane C. Kraemer and David Longtin ; Density Is Only Relative Stacy Daniels
Science 28 October 2005: 619. [Full Text] [PDF]
Policy Forum POLICY:
OPV Cessation--the Final Step To a "Polio-Free" World
R. Bruce Aylward, Roland W. Sutter, and David L. Heymann
Science 28 October 2005: 625-626. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supporting Online Material]
Books et al. ECOLOGY:
Learning from the Aliens
Michael J. Crawley
Science 28 October 2005: 623-624. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
Browsings
Science 28 October 2005: 624. [Full Text] [PDF]
Books Received
Science 28 October 2005: 624. [Summary]
Perspectives ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE:
Tipping Points in the Tundra
Jonathan A. Foley
Science 28 October 2005: 627-628. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
VIROLOGY:
What Links Bats to Emerging Infectious Diseases?
Andrew P. Dobson
Science 28 October 2005: 628-629. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
Also see the archival list of Science's Enhanced Perspectives and Policy Forums
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY:
Enhanced: Less Steroids Make Bigger Flies
Kirst King-Jones and Carl S. Thummel
Science 28 October 2005: 630-631. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
PHYSICS:
The Observation of Matter Wave Fluctuations
Peter L. Knight
Science 28 October 2005: 631-632. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
RETROSPECTIVE:
Joseph Rotblat (1908-2005)
John P. Holdren
Science 28 October 2005: 633. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
Association Affairs AAAS News and Notes
Science 28 October 2005: 634-637. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
NEWS
News of the Week SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY:
'Security Breach' Leaks NIH Grant Applications Onto Web
David Grimm
Science 28 October 2005: 598. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
ASTRONOMY:
Science Takes Back Seat as Hubble Shoots the Moon
Andrew Lawler
Science 28 October 2005: 599. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
GENOMICS:
New Haplotype Map May Overhaul Gene Hunting
Jennifer Couzin
Science 28 October 2005: 601. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
NEUROSCIENCE:
Does Brain Cell Growth Drive Weight Loss?
Gretchen Vogel
Science 28 October 2005: 602. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
SCIENCE POLICY:
French Agency Cited for Lack of Women
Barbara Casassus
Science 28 October 2005: 602. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
MEDICINE:
Fused Genes May Help Explain the Origins of Prostate Cancer
Jean Marx
Science 28 October 2005: 603. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
EUROPEAN SCIENCE:
Aggrieved Turkish Scientists Welcome an E.U. Review
Gretchen Vogel
Science 28 October 2005: 605. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
News Focus U.S. WORKFORCE:
A Glass Ceiling for Asian Scientists?
Jeffrey Mervis
Science 28 October 2005: 606-607. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
PROFILE:
South Africa's Bone Man: 80 and Still Digging Into the Past
Robert Koenig
Science 28 October 2005: 608-609. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
ANTARCTIC DRILLING:
The Plan to Unlock Lake Vostok
Mason Inman
Science 28 October 2005: 611-612. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
ARCHAEOLOGY:
'Deviant' Burials Reveal Death on the Fringe in Ancient Societies
Michael Balter
Science 28 October 2005: 613. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
ASTRONOMY:
Astronomers Sweep Space for the Sources of Cosmic Dust
Robert Irion
Science 28 October 2005: 614-615. [Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
Products New Products
Science 28 October 2005: 687. [Summary] [PDF]
NetWatch
IMAGES: Starring The Cell * DATABASE: Free the Crystals! * RESOURCES: Where Birds Count * COMMUNITY SITE: Schizophrenia Symposium * DATABASE: Dinosaur Name Game Science 28 October 2005: 597 [Full Text]
ScienceScope
India Fissions Its Nuclear Research * U.S. Restricts 1918 Flu Virus * ITER Head Named * Prize for Cheap Sequencing * Stem Cell Law Decelerated Science 28 October 2005: 601 [Full Text]
Random Samples
New Guinea Back in Time * Big Fish * Stem Cell Slide? * Acid Sketch * Awards * Jobs * Nonprofit World
Science 28 October 2005: 616 [Full Text]
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