| 2005年06月23日 Nature中文摘要 | | 点击： 作者： 来源： 时间： 2006-11-11 本站论坛 |
|  | Volume 435 Number 7045 pp1003-1136
癌症研究进展
一项关于结肠癌的研究揭开了干细胞和癌细胞的共同点的秘密。先前的研究表明，干细胞在肠中的分化是由-catenin和Tcf推动的遗传程序（genetic program）控制下完成的；现在发现，这个遗传程序也会启动结肠癌的发生。EphB诱导的受体在轴突形成过程中得到广泛的研究，我们发现这些受体基因被Tcf调控着，而且这个调控过程与结肠癌的发生密切相关。这项最新的研究表明，在从（良性）腺瘤转变成为（恶性）癌瘤的过程中，绝大多数人结肠癌组织中将不表达EphB。并且，EphB的不表达与肿瘤的恶化程度密切相关；在一个小鼠模型中，EphB的不表达加速了结肠和直肠中肿瘤的发生。由此看来，EphB活性的丧失在结肠癌形成过程中是非常关键的一个特征。
抵抗疟疾的机理
血红蛋白C的产生一直被认为是进化过程中疟疾诱导的结果；最近的研究向我们展示了，西非的儿童们正是在血红蛋白C的保护下才抵抗住了疟疾的侵害。现在，研究者们可以很好地阐释这个保护的机理。在正常的红细胞中，含有血红蛋白A，疟疾寄生虫会在细胞的表面形成一些含有黏着蛋白(PfEMP-1)的小疣，这种含有黏着蛋白(PfEMP-1)的小疣使得被感染的细胞粘附在血管壁上，从而逃避了脾脏的检查。血红蛋白C通过诱导形成非正常的小疣破坏了这种粘附作用，同时还降低了PfEMP-1在小疣表面的展示。本期封面图象中，就有三中红细胞，一个是未受感染的双凹型红细胞；一个是受感染的表面有典型小疣的红细胞；一个是受感染的表面有异常小疣的红细胞（内含血红蛋白C）。
超级流动性首次被观测到
超级流动性的一个明显标志，即在接近绝对零度的温度下在某些流体中所看到的无摩擦流，是在一个旋转的体系中形成了一个由量子漩涡构成的晶格。这个现象首次在锂-6原子的超冷气体中被观测到，从而证实了这些量子气体能充当超级流体的预测。这个体系有可能成为研究高温超导性和中子星或夸克-胶子等离子体等奇异物质的一个有用模型。
Stargazin蛋白的新作用
大脑中大多数兴奋突触采用AMPA受体，即由神经传递物质谷氨酸盐门控的离子通道。Stargazin是一种大脑中特有的、在“空想家”（stargazer）癫痫小鼠体内发生突变的跨膜蛋白，通过对跨膜运输的一种效应来影响 AMPA受体。现在，研究表明，该蛋白还能减慢通道失活过程和灵敏度降低过程。Stargazin蛋白的胞质尾决定受体的运输，其体外区（该分子伸进细胞外空间的部分）控制通道的门控。破坏该蛋白体外区与海马体AMPA受体的相互作用，会改变突触响应时间进程。这说明Stargazin蛋白在控制大脑中的突触传输方面有一个新的作用。这些相互作用与精神分裂症等神经失调症状有关系。
Fomalhaut周围的尘埃环
1983年，IRAS轨道卫星在来自Fomalhaut 的方向上探测到过量的红外辐射。Fomalhaut 是本来暗淡的星座“南鱼座”（Piscis Austrinus）中的一颗一等星。所探测到的是来自该恒星周围一个巨大尘埃环的辐射，这个恒星大约是我们太阳系的4倍大。现在，搭载在“哈勃太空望远镜”上的“先进测绘照相机”在可见光波段以高分辨率探测到Fomalhaut 的尘埃复合结构。这个尘埃环与该恒星有一定的偏移，其偏移的方式表明，该恒星可能有几个行星。Beta Pic 和AU Mic周围的碎片环都是侧面朝向我们的，而HR 4796A周围的环半径相对较小。所以Fomalhaut的尘埃环（是倾斜的，很像土星周围的环，比其他的环更老，离我们也更近）可能会成为我们研究行星形成的首选环。
由火星陨石推断碰撞天体大小
在地球上迄今已经发现的数以千计的陨石中，大约有35个被确认来自火星，它们很可能是小行星等大型天体与火星表面碰撞后从火星上飞溅出来到达地球的。这些陨石中由强烈碰撞形成的高压矿物质之间痕量元素的分布，是对形成这些陨石的事件持续时间长短的一个度量，非常短的持续时间（10毫秒）表明，碰撞火星的天体直径在100米左右。相比之下，由太阳系早期（其时间远远早于形成这些陨石的碰撞所发生的时间）的碰撞所形成的石质陨石（球粒状陨石）所记录的碰撞天体要大得多，直径约有5公里，碰撞持续时间达1秒。
百年前地震的新启示
1811－1812年冬季，以密西西比河谷的“新马德里”镇为中心所发生的一系列强烈地震仍然在地震学界回响。地震学家争议的问题涉及到这些地震的起源（与最近的板块边界相距超过2000公里）和它们与今天的地震危险有什么关系。19世纪初该地区的人口非常少，今天若发生一次类似地震所产生的后果将会严重得多。根据从一个连续运转的GPS网络得到的数据，研究人员获得了新的证据，它说明这个地区有很快的应变速度，其大小可与活动板块边界的应变速度相比，而且也与该地区内已知的活动断层一致。
新紧张药有望诞生
紧张和压力（stress）会激发神经系统，从而抑制对疼痛的感觉，即诱导一些自然的痛觉丧失现象。这些通路当中有些涉及鸦片剂（opiate）；现在，研究者发现了一类以endocannabinoid为基础的类似物也参与一些通路的发生。从中我们可以想象，如果有一种酶可以降解这些大麻类化合物的话，那么这种酶将可能成为那些由紧张、压力引起的紊乱的重要治疗药物。
注：endocannabinoid（EC）系统是在90年代初期对大麻中的神经活性物质四氢大麻酚进行研究时发现的。EC系统如果被过度激活，可以作用在中枢神经系统，继而增加食欲、摄食及对尼古丁的依赖。
神经元的“专一”
人的大脑可以花很少的时间记下一个人或者一件物品，即便在不同的背景环境下也能立刻辨别出来。这就产生了一个问题：单一神经元是否能专一地识别一张脸，无论处于不同的妆饰，不同的年龄，姿势或者背景下？这个疑团很难解决，研究者将之称为“祖母神经元”的探索。现在，研究者已经找到这个谜团的答案。这是在有着棘手癫痫病的病人身上植入电极后发现的。通过研究病人对电脑屏幕上不同图象的反应，研究者发现神经元的确是有点“一根筋”的特性。例如，一个神经元会专一地识别女明星Jennifer Aniston；一个神经元会专一识别篮球运动员乔丹（Michael Jordan）；另一个神经则特异性地识别不同角度下的比萨城（意大利中部一城市）。
入侵鱼带来的危害
自从亚洲的麦穗鱼（鲤形目鲤科）被人们带入罗马尼亚的池塘以来，麦穗鱼在欧洲的增长速度非常迅猛。麦穗鱼一旦适应了当地的生长环境，当地鱼就将面临灭绝的危险，如欧洲的Leucaspius delineatus正在消亡。调查表明，这些鱼种的消逝很有可能是由于亚洲鱼携带的感染性病原体造成的，而这种病原体对于亚洲鱼来说并不致病。这就表明欧洲其他鱼种也有可能受到病原体的侵害，同时，也给水产业一些警示。
哺乳动物的毒腺
哺乳动物中唾液系统中含有毒腺的非常罕见，仅仅在鸭嘴兽，加勒比海沟齿鼠，一些shrew（鼩鼱）类动物中发现过。但在阿尔伯达的中部的古新世化石沉积物中发现一种含有毒腺的哺乳动物的样本。这种哺乳动物武装非常奇怪，体积较小，是食虫类动物。世界上尚未发现与这种动物相类似的哺乳动物：毒腺传递系统中有特殊的牙齿参与，尽管这种牙齿在功能上与现有有毒哺乳动物的牙齿相似，但在结构上却完全不同。这个动物的样本据估计有6千万年的历史了。
蜂雀的飞行方式被误解了70年
在七十年前，蜂雀的飞行第一次被搬上荧幕的时候，人们看到蜂雀对称型的上冲和下俯飞行运动，认为这两种运动所负担的分量应该相当。这就引发人们的推测，认为蜂雀的盘旋飞翔肯定在生物力学和空气动力学上，采取与昆虫飞翔相同的方式。最近的有关盘旋飞翔的研究表明蜂雀尽管在空气动力学上与昆虫分享着相同的技巧，但它们依然保持着鸟类的飞行特性。它们保持着鸟类的翼型，同时，在产生升力方面，其翅膀向下拍打时的效力是向上拍打时的3倍。
称赞软科学
‘硬’科学家们应该放弃瞧不起社会科学家的想法，而应该和他们一道分享可以解决社会问题的方法。
在生物学、物理学以及其他的研究机构的传统观念看来，社会学是一门‘软’科学，缺少方法论上的精确性。正是有着这种想法，人们才会在今年美国的国家科学基金Alan T. Waterman奖的殊荣颁给一位社会学家--Dalton Conley（纽约大学）之后有所非议。
Conley擅长于细致研究贫困群体的经济情况，据闻他反对用那种因为无法精确计算而粗略研究的态度。在美国和其他地方的研究机构需要支持更多像他这样的社会学家们，因为他们的研究对于社会上的重大问题有着重要价值。
打个比方，例如在对待气候变化和生物多样性减少等问题，显然在这两个全球性的环境问题当中，人类的行为是一个非常重要的推动因素，但是在研究这些问题的时候，往往倾向于通过现象当中自然因素方面的研究来解决问题，而将一些人类行为的研究（常常被认为是‘软’科学）置于次要地位。
又或者是拿生物医学和公众健康的关系来作探讨。美国已经建成了一个基金充裕、仪器精良的科研系统来进行药物的研究和开发。但是如果病人没有正确地使用药物，或者药剂师反复误解了医生的处方，那么再好的药又有何裨益？1999年医学研究所的研究发现，由于医学的错误（人类的错误）引起的死亡人数有98000个/年，这个数字超过因为交通事故，乳房癌或者HIV/AIDS引起的死亡人数。就这个问题而言，难道解决问题的方案不应该更侧重于心理学和社会学的研究吗？
即便是社会科学中自信的论断，也很少得到外部人士的认同。就如Harold Wilensky（加州大学Berkeley分校的一名政治科学家）在《美国社会协会杂志》中说的那样：社会科学家已经找到了一些具体解决实际问题的措施，如犯罪的预防、健康卫生的疗护等等；然而他们的建议大多被美国的政策制定者忽视。同时，Wilensky强调，在北欧和日本，政府对于社会学家的发现的关注和执行有着良好的历史记录。
社会学家的建议可以进一步探讨，因为很多结论往往有着社会学家自身观点的局限性。很多他们的工作在政治上来说是有争议的（就本质而言），而且在传播这些观点的时候，往往因为简单地说成‘相对论’而减少了观点本身的可辩性。有着如此多的有天赋的业余爱好者，社会科学家享有比天体物理学家更多的时间来阐述他们研究的领域。我们当中很少有人了解很多有关宇宙的动力学机制问题，但我们了解很多有关人类自身的问题，至少我们认为是这样的。
所以，社会学家们有责任完善他们的研究方法，并确信已经准备好了外界人士的检查。国家科学基金已经认识到了增强社会学科的必要。从2001年9.11恐怖袭击之后，国家科学基金已经在给社会学，行为学和经济学的董事会提供更多的支持。
同时，在学校里，‘硬’科学家们也应该放弃他们对‘软’科学家们的轻蔑态度。关于社会的研究不可能仅仅留给诗人和政治家们。随着人们对于自身行为更好了解的迫切愿望，物理学和生物学系统的压力明显增加，这个时候，就急需作为科学的两翼--自然科学和社会科学的和睦才能更好地了解人类和世界。
本期目录：
Editorials
In praise of soft science p1003
'Hard' scientists should stop looking down their noses at social scientists, and instead share methods that could help them address pressing societal problems.
doi: 10.1038/4351003a
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Not-so-deep impact p1003
Research assessment rests too heavily on the inflated status of the impact factor.
doi: 10.1038/4351003a
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Toyota on a roll p1004
Japan's approach to industrial innovation may be out of fashion, but it still delivers the goods.
doi: 10.1038/4351004a
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Top of pageResearch Highlights
Research highlights p1006
doi: 10.1038/4351006a
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Top of pageNews
Drug targeting: is race enough? p1008
Pharmaceutical firms urged to look beyond race as first 'Personalized' drug is approved
Meredith Wadman
doi: 10.1038/4351008a
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Trouble brews over contested trend in hurricanes p1008
Latest analysis suggests global warming will increase intensity of storms.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi: 10.1038/4351008b
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China's chicken farmers under fire for antiviral abuse p1009
Bird flu virus develops resistance to common drug thanks to overuse.
David Cyranoski
doi: 10.1038/4351009a
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Databases in peril p1010
Life-sciences databases are in crisis, say their operators, as funders keen to support exciting new projects lose interest in maintaining existing services. Nature investigates the scale of the problem.
Zeeya Merali and Jim Giles
doi: 10.1038/4351010a
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Earth holds comet smash in its sights p1013
Wider astronomy community watches and awaits Deep Impact.
Tony Reichhardt
doi: 10.1038/4351013a
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Sidelines p1014
doi: 10.1038/4351014a
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Bill on deep-sea fish farms brings wave of disapproval p1014
US government in deep water over plan to bring marine aquaculture within federal control.
Rex Dalton
doi: 10.1038/4351014b
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Retracted papers damage work on DNA repair p1015
Colleagues in field left to 'start from scratch'
Erika Check
doi: 10.1038/4351015a
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News in brief p1016
doi: 10.1038/4351016a
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Top of pageNews Features
A trip of a lifetime p1018
Are research expeditions to far-flung destinations as glamorous as they sound? Amanda Haag joins a few research novices who gave up their holidays for science.
doi: 10.1038/4351018a
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Back to our roots p1022
It was cold and clammy, but it changed the rules of life for ever. Helen Pilcher goes in search of the ancestor of all animals.
doi: 10.1038/4351022a
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Dalton Conley profile: Harder than Rocket Science p1024
Dalton Conley is an award-winning researcher who works on the politically charged issues of race, gender and class. He tells Tony Reichhardt why he wants to stress the 'science' in the social sciences.
doi: 10.1038/4351024a
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Top of pageBusiness
Toyota's production line leads from lab to road p1026
Sparks of inspiration and close relations with group companies keep Toyota's central research labs motoring along, as Ichiko Fuyuno reports.
doi: 10.1038/4351026a
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In brief p1027
doi: 10.1038/4351027a
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Market watch p1027
doi: 10.1038/4351027b
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Top of pageCorrespondence
Turkish research council is proud of its independence p1028
Nüket Yetis
doi: 10.1038/4351028a
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No political agenda in academic bill of rights p1028
Sara Dogan
doi: 10.1038/4351028b
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Sale of public databases puts biological data at risk p1028
A. Jamie Cuticchia and Gregg W. Silk
doi: 10.1038/4351028c
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Top of pageBooks and Arts
Switching on evolution p1029
How does evo?devo explain the huge diversity of life on Earth?
Jerry A. Coyne reviews Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo by Sean B. Carroll
doi: 10.1038/4351029a
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Exhibition: Fresh flowers p1030
Colin Martin
doi: 10.1038/4351030a
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Flood warnings p1031
Christer Nilsson reviews The Future of Large Dams: Dealing with the Social, Environmental and Political Costs by Thayer Scudder
doi: 10.1038/4351031a
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Top of pageEssay
Dynamic Universe p1033
The first person to carry out a modern survey of the night sky, Fritz Zwicky's astronomical observations led to a new picture of a turbulent Universe that is punctuated by violent events.
Freeman Dyson
doi: 10.1038/4351033a
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Top of pageNews and Views
Low-temperature physics: A quantum revolution p1035
Tiny quantum tornadoes observed in ultracold gases of fermionic atoms provide definitive evidence of superfluidity, and open up new vistas in the modelling of quantum many-body systems.
Rudolf Grimm
doi: 10.1038/4351035a
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Neuroscience: Friends and grandmothers p1036
How do neurons in the brain represent movie stars, famous buildings and other familiar objects? Rare recordings from single neurons in the human brain provide a fresh perspective on the question.
Charles E. Connor
doi: 10.1038/4351036a
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Earth science: New Madrid in motion p1037
A new network of geodetic field stations has greatly improved monitoring of relative motion across a seismic zone in the central United States. It seems that rapid deformation is occurring across this fault system.
Martitia P. Tuttle
doi: 10.1038/4351037a
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50 and 100 years ago p1038
doi: 10.1038/4351038a
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Evolutionary biology: Island of the clones p1039
The discovery of an all-female population of damselflies in the Azores archipelago provides a novelty for entomologists. It also highlights the unique selection pressures faced by species that colonize islands.
Thomas N. Sherratt and Christopher D. Beatty
doi: 10.1038/4351039a
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Consciousness: Crick and the claustrum p1040
Francis Crick believed that, in biology, structure is the natural path to understanding function. In his later career, he applied this dictum to the study of consciousness.
Charles F. Stevens
doi: 10.1038/4351040a
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Animal behaviour: Congo's art p1040
Tim Lincoln
doi: 10.1038/4351040b
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Granular matter: A tale of tails p1041
Granular materials such as sand can either be jammed and rigid, or yield and flow. Puzzling changes in the forces between the grains deepen the mystery surrounding this basic, but poorly understood, transition.
Martin van Hecke
doi: 10.1038/4351041a
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Neuroscience: An intrusive chaperone p1042
Stargazin is best known for helping to ferry receptor proteins to the surface of neurons. The discovery that it has an unexpected additional role has widespread implications for the way that neurons talk to each other.
Anders S. Kristensen and Stephen F. Traynelis
doi: 10.1038/4351042a
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See also: Editor's summary
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Obituary: Fred S. Rosen (1930?2005) p1044
Immunologist, paediatrician and polymath
Walter Gratzer and David G. Nathan
doi: 10.1038/4351044a
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Top of pageBrief Communications
Surface tension: Floater clustering in a standing wave p1045
Capillarity effects drive hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles to congregate at specific points on a wave.
G. Falkovich, A. Weinberg, P. Denissenko and S. Lukaschuk
doi: 10.1038/4351045a
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Biodiversity: Disease threat to European fish p1046
Rodolphe E. Gozlan, Sophie St-Hilaire, Stephen W. Feist, Paul Martin and Michael L. Kent
doi: 10.1038/4351046a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (214K) | Supplementary information
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Top of pageBrief Communications Arising
Plant communities: Ecosystem stability in Inner Mongolia pE5
Shiping Wang, Haishan Niu, Xiaoyong Cui, Shu Jiang, Yonghong Li, Xiangming Xiao, Jinzhi Wang, Guojie Wang, Dehua Huang, Qiuhui Qi and Zonggui Yang
doi: 10.1038/nature03862
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Plant communities: Ecosystem maturity and performance pE6
Qinfeng Guo
doi: 10.1038/nature03583
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Plant communities: Ecosystem stability in Inner Mongolia (reply) pE6
Jianguo Wu, Yongfei Bai, Xingguo Han, Linghao Li and Zuozhong Chen
doi: 10.1038/nature03584
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Top of pageArticles
Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas p1047
M. W. Zwierlein, J. R. Abo-Shaeer, A. Schirotzek, C. H. Schunck and W. Ketterle
doi: 10.1038/nature03858
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (289K)
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Stargazin modulates AMPA receptor gating and trafficking by distinct domains p1052
Susumu Tomita, Hillel Adesnik, Masayuki Sekiguchi, Wei Zhang, Keiji Wada, James R. Howe, Roger A. Nicoll and David S. Bredt
doi: 10.1038/nature03624
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (492K) | Supplementary information
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A structural basis for allosteric control of DNA recombination by integrase p1059
Tapan Biswas, Hideki Aihara, Marta Radman-Livaja, David Filman, Arthur Landy and Tom Ellenberger
doi: 10.1038/nature03657
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (675K) | Supplementary information
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Top of pageLetters
A planetary system as the origin of structure in Fomalhaut's dust belt p1067
Paul Kalas, James R. Graham and Mark Clampin
doi: 10.1038/nature03601
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Timescales of shock processes in chondritic and martian meteorites p1071
P. Beck, Ph. Gillet, A. El Goresy and S. Mostefaoui
doi: 10.1038/nature03616
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (259K)
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Structural signature of jamming in granular media p1075
Eric I. Corwin, Heinrich M. Jaeger and Sidney R. Nagel
doi: 10.1038/nature03698
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See also: News and Views by van Hecke
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Contact force measurements and stress-induced anisotropy in granular materials p1079
T. S. Majmudar and R. P. Behringer
doi: 10.1038/nature03805
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (490K)
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Astronomical pacing of late Palaeocene to early Eocene global warming events p1083
Lucas J. Lourens, Appy Sluijs, Dick Kroon, James C. Zachos, Ellen Thomas, Ursula R?hl, Julie Bowles and Isabella Raffi
doi: 10.1038/nature03814
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Space geodetic evidence for rapid strain rates in the New Madrid seismic zone of central USA p1088
R. Smalley, Jr, M. A. Ellis, J. Paul and R. B. Van Arsdale
doi: 10.1038/nature03642
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First evidence of a venom delivery apparatus in extinct mammals p1091
Richard C. Fox and Craig S. Scott
doi: 10.1038/nature03646
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (136K)
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Aerodynamics of the hovering hummingbird p1094
Douglas R. Warrick, Bret W. Tobalske and Donald R. Powers
doi: 10.1038/nature03647
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Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires p1098
Gemma Reguera, Kevin D. McCarthy, Teena Mehta, Julie S. Nicoll, Mark T. Tuominen and Derek R. Lovley
doi: 10.1038/nature03661
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (315K) | Supplementary information
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Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain p1102
R. Quian Quiroga, L. Reddy, G. Kreiman, C. Koch and I. Fried
doi: 10.1038/nature03687
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (403K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Connor
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An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia p1108
Andrea G. Hohmann, Richard L. Suplita, Nathan M. Bolton, Mark H. Neely, Darren Fegley, Regina Mangieri, Jocelyn F. Krey, J. Michael Walker, Philip V. Holmes, Jonathon D. Crystal, Andrea Duranti, Andrea Tontini, Marco Mor, Giorgio Tarzia and Daniele Piomelli
doi: 10.1038/nature03658
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (467K) | Supplementary information
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Early developmental arrest of mammalian limbs lacking HoxA/HoxD gene function p1113
Marie Kmita, Basile Tarchini, Jozsef Zàkàny, Malcolm Logan, Clifford J. Tabin and Denis Duboule
doi: 10.1038/nature03648
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Abnormal display of PfEMP-1 on erythrocytes carrying haemoglobin C may protect against malaria p1117
Rick M. Fairhurst, Dror I. Baruch, Nathaniel J. Brittain, Graciela R. Ostera, John S. Wallach, Holly L. Hoang, Karen Hayton, Aldiouma Guindo, Morris O. Makobongo, Owen M. Schwartz, Anatole Tounkara, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Dapa A. Diallo, Hisashi Fujioka, May Ho and Thomas E. Wellems
doi: 10.1038/nature03631
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (349K) | Supplementary information
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R gene expression induced by a type-III effector triggers disease resistance in rice p1122
Keyu Gu, Bing Yang, Dongsheng Tian, Lifang Wu, Dongjiang Wang, Chellamma Sreekala, Fan Yang, Zhaoqing Chu, Guo-Liang Wang, Frank F. White and Zhongchao Yin
doi: 10.1038/nature03630
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EphB receptor activity suppresses colorectal cancer progression p1126
Eduard Batlle, Julinor Bacani, Harry Begthel, Suzanne Jonkeer, Alexander Gregorieff, Maaike van de Born, Núria Malats, Elena Sancho, Elles Boon, Tony Pawson, Steven Gallinger, Steven Pals and Hans Clevers
doi: 10.1038/nature03626
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (446K) | Supplementary information
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Top of pageNaturejobs
Prospect
Fixing a broken record p1131
Visualizing 'career space' can help you navigate more easily between disciplines, sectors and job function
Paul Smaglik
doi: 10.1038/nj7045-1131a
Full Text | PDF (119K)
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Special Report
Picture this p1132
Buoyed by a range of new technologies, science illustration is expanding its remit to offer careers beyond publishing in areas such as advertising and law. Virginia Gewin reports.
Virginia Gewin
doi: 101.1038/nj7045-1132a
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Top of pageFutures
Omphalosphere: New York 2057 p1136
A trip to the Zoo, a visit to the Library.
Jack Cohen
doi: 10.1038/4351136a
Full Text | PDF (249K)
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